During the October 2025 Dutch parliamentary elections, we joined the Hybrid Election Integrity Observatory to monitor election integrity across social platforms, alongside four other organizations.

Among the patterns we documented:

-Coordinated foreign engagement targeting Dutch political pages

-Far-right content amplified by cross-border networks on X

-An AI-generated anti-immigration song reaching the Dutch Top 50 and spreading on TikTok

-Violent AI-generated imagery targeting politicians and minorities

-Livestreams featuring death threats and racist, antisemitic hate speech

-A spike in election-fraud narratives

Meanwhile, platform safeguards fell short:

-Political ad transparency rules led Meta and Google to ban political ads, while other platforms applied policies unevenly, with incomplete ad libraries

-No content reported through official reporting mechanisms was removed, even when it violated platform rules

This work also exposed regulatory weaknesses at Dutch and EU levels, including limits on DSA enforcement powers and delays in responding to data requests.